新冠疫苗保护作用能持续多久？自然免疫研究也许能告诉我们( 四 )

要知道，传统的疫苗研发需要花10年以上。

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图10：传统疫苗开发途径[20] 。
回顾历史，麻疹疫苗的研发时间最短，从1953年发现致病的病毒，到疫苗于1963年在美国获得许可使用，花了10年时间。 AlphonseLaveran在1880年发现疟原虫是疟疾的起因，直到今日仍然没有一个针对疟疾的有效疫苗。

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图11：疫苗研发创新的时间表。每条红线开始是确认造成疾病的病原体的年份，终止于美国许可针对该病原体的疫苗接种的年份[21] 。（点击看大图）
Pfizer/BNTX的新冠疫苗项目的名叫“ProjectLightspeed(光速计划)” ，从新冠病毒被中国科学家测序并分享，到被世界多个国家紧急批准使用，只用了不到一年的时间，的确实至名归。

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图12：Pfizer/BNTX的新冠疫苗的时间表(作者整理) 。
参考文献
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【新冠疫苗保护作用能持续多久？自然免疫研究也许能告诉我们】[22]Polack,F.P.,etal.,SafetyandEfficacyoftheBNT162b2mRNACovid-19Vaccine.NewEnglandJournalofMedicine,2020.